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The φ78 hollow shaft incremental encoder, developed by Jilin Weiguang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., is a precision motion feedback device widely used in industrial automation and motor control systems. Designed with a 78mm outer diameter hollow shaft, it provides accurate measurement of rotational speed, direction, and position for medium to large-scale mechanical equipment.

What Is a Hollow Shaft Incremental Encoder?

A hollow shaft incremental encoder is a type of rotary encoder that detects rotational movement and converts it into a series of electrical pulse signals. Unlike solid shaft models, the hollow shaft encoder allows direct mounting onto the motor shaft without a coupling, simplifying installation and improving alignment accuracy. The φ78 specification indicates the external diameter of the encoder housing, making it suitable for integration with larger motors and automation machinery.

Working Principle of the Incremental Encoder

Incremental encoders operate based on either photoelectric (optical) or magnetoelectric (magnetic) detection principles.

1. Optical Principle:
   In an optical incremental encoder, a light source (such as an LED) emits a beam that passes through a precisely etched code disc attached to the rotating shaft. As the disc rotates, light is alternately blocked and transmitted through slits, which are detected by photodiodes. The resulting light interruptions generate a series of electrical pulses corresponding to the rotational movement.

2. Magnetic Principle:
   In magnetic incremental encoders, a magnetic sensor detects variations in a rotating magnetic field. These variations are converted into pulse signals that represent rotational displacement. Magnetic encoders are more resistant to dust, oil, and vibration, making them ideal for harsh industrial environments.

How Incremental Encoders Detect Angle and Speed

The incremental encoder produces a specific number of pulses per revolution (PPR). By counting these pulses, the system can calculate the rotation angle, while the pulse frequency reflects the rotational speed. Additionally, two output channels (A and B) provide phase-shifted signals that determine the direction of rotation. Some models also include a Z-phase (zero pulse) for precise reference positioning.

Applications of the φ78 Hollow Shaft Incremental Encoder

With its robust design and accurate signal output, the φ78 hollow shaft incremental encoder is widely used in:

• Servo motor and stepper motor feedback systems

• CNC machine tools and industrial robots

• Textile and packaging machinery

• Printing and conveyor systems

• Wind power generation and heavy equipment monitoring

Conclusion

The φ78 hollow shaft incremental encoder from Jilin Weiguang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. combines high precision, compact design, and easy installation to deliver reliable motion feedback for diverse industrial applications. Whether based on optical or magnetic sensing technology, this encoder ensures accurate detection of rotation angle and speed—supporting smarter, more efficient automation control systems.

https://www.weiguangele.com/78-hollow-shaft-incremental-encoder.html
Jilin Weiguang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.

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